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Abstract:
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In an aid programme often the context and requirement of the recipient country is not fully understood or sometimes ignored. The aid programmes are often governed not by considerations of demand but those of supply in as much as the donors offer such technological aid as is available with them or has proved appropriate in their own context. However, Tanzania has been quite lucky in getting technical assistance from the Netherlands, Finland and other agencies soas to advance the water supply programm using the technology which is quite appropriate to the country, especially at this time of ever expensive fossil fuel energy. The development of shallow wells in Tanzania started in Shinyanga Region by Dutch DHV-Consulting Engineers in 1974. Following the success of the Shinyanga Shallow Well Programme, the Mtwara-Lindi Shallow Well Programme was launched this time by Finnwater Consulting Engineers of Finland in 1978. It is after these two programmes that construction of shallow wells has spread nearly throughout the country; mainly to Morogoro, Mwanza and Tabora Regions to mention but a few. The primary aim of this study is to give technical information requirements with regard to the construction of shallow wells; with special emphasis to the Tanzanian conditions. It covers the geological and hydrogeological formations of the Republic including aerial distribution of ground water quality. Good attention has been put on the use of less ornon-sophisticated methods for exploration of shallow groundwater and siting of shallow wells. The study gives the procedure for both dug-well and tubewellconstruction, pumping equipment and their installation, disinfection of wells and protective measures against pollution. Furthermore, the tapping of spring water and preservation of springs. Shallow ground water resources in four selected regions of Mtwara, Lindi, Mwanza and Morogoro are reviewed. The shallow wells construction systems in these regions are also discussed including cost comparisons and finally recommendations for improvement of shallow well programmes in the country are given. /Kir09 |